Operating Model & Process Design / 07 · Origination ≠ fulfilment

Designing indirect demand generation when the originator is not the seller

A fictional case: marketing and field teams create demand for distributors who make the sale. One opportunity lifecycle could not say who owned what.

Fictional scenario

Independently created. Contains no employer or client implementation detail, internal names or figures.

The case in brief

Current reality

Demand created for distributors was logged as opportunities nobody accepted, fulfilled or closed—so the pipeline looked full and attribution was guesswork.

What must become true

Every demand signal has an originator, a qualifier and an explicit acceptance or rejection by the receiving seller; fulfilment is tracked to an outcome, and attribution credits both roles by agreed rules.

Design question

When the actor who creates the demand is not the actor who sells, where does responsibility transfer—and how do we know it did?

01Reality

What the organization actually did.

A fictional manufacturer creates demand for its products among workshops, fleets and end users, while distributors make the actual sale. Campaigns, field promoters and technical trainers all generate interest; the distributor decides whether to pursue it.

  • Leads were “assigned” to distributors by email, with no confirmation that they arrived
  • Assigned was reported as managed
  • Distributors could not reject a lead, so unsuitable ones aged in the pipeline
  • Marketing reported sourced pipeline that no seller had accepted
  • Nobody knew which demand turned into sales, because the sale happened in the distributor’s system
  • Field promoters and marketing claimed the same demand

02One process?

What made one process insufficient?

A direct opportunity has one owner from start to finish. Here, each of these questions had a different answer:

  1. OriginatorWho created the demand—a campaign, a promoter, a trainer?
  2. QualifierWho decides it is worth passing on?
  3. Receiving sellerWhich distributor should fulfil it—and by which rule?
  4. AcceptanceHas the receiver accepted it, or can it still be rejected?
  5. Handoff informationWhat must travel with it for the seller to act?
  6. Fulfilment visibilityCan we see the outcome if the sale happens elsewhere?
  7. AttributionWho gets credit—the originator, the seller, or both?

The pointDemand creation and sales fulfilment are different responsibilities, and need to be modelled separately when different actors perform them.

03Segmentation

How the reality was segmented

One path, two responsibilities, and a contract between them.

FromA demand signal

  1. Demand creationOriginator—campaigns, promoters, trainers. Owns the signal until it is qualified.
  2. Qualification and assignmentDemand owner. Decides whether to pass it on, and to whom.
  3. Sales fulfilmentReceiving seller. Accepts or rejects, then owns the sale.

Design decision

Model demand creation and sales fulfilment as two responsibilities joined by an acceptance contract—instead of one opportunity passed between actors.

04Target model

Target operating model

Responsibility transfers at acceptance—not at assignment.

  1. Demand creation
    Owner
    Originator
    Exit criterion
    Signal recorded with its source and minimum information
  2. Qualification
    Owner
    Demand owner
    Exit criterion
    Worth pursuing; product interest and location known
  3. Assignment
    Owner
    Demand owner
    Exit criterion
    Receiving seller chosen by a territory and capability rule
  4. Acceptance or rejection
    Owner
    Receiving seller
    Exit criterion
    Accepted within the service level, or rejected with a reason
  5. Commercial fulfilment
    Owner
    Receiving seller
    Exit criterion
    Outcome reported: sold, lost or no response
  6. Outcome and attribution
    Owner
    Sales operations
    Exit criterion
    Credit assigned by the agreed rule

05What changes by path · Origination ≠ fulfilment

Who owns what, at each step

The matrix that was missing: for each step, who acts, who is accountable, what must be recorded—and whether it counts as pipeline.

Who owns what, at each step
DimensionCreateQualifyAssignAcceptFulfilAttribute
ActsOriginatorDemand ownerDemand ownerReceiving sellerReceiving sellerSales operations
AccountableMarketing or field leadDemand ownerDemand ownerSeller’s managerSellerSales operations
Must recordSource, contact, interestFit, product, locationSeller, rule appliedAccepted, or a reasonOutcome, valueCredit split
ClockAt captureWithin daysSame dayWithin the service levelPartner cycleMonthly
Pipeline?NoNoNoYes, once acceptedYes—
Path 01Create
Acts
Originator
Accountable
Marketing or field lead
Must record
Source, contact, interest
Clock
At capture
Pipeline?
No
Path 02Qualify
Acts
Demand owner
Accountable
Demand owner
Must record
Fit, product, location
Clock
Within days
Pipeline?
No
Path 03Assign
Acts
Demand owner
Accountable
Demand owner
Must record
Seller, rule applied
Clock
Same day
Pipeline?
No
Path 04Accept
Acts
Receiving seller
Accountable
Seller’s manager
Must record
Accepted, or a reason
Clock
Within the service level
Pipeline?
Yes, once accepted
Path 05Fulfil
Acts
Receiving seller
Accountable
Seller
Must record
Outcome, value
Clock
Partner cycle
Pipeline?
Yes
Path 06Attribute
Acts
Sales operations
Accountable
Sales operations
Must record
Credit split
Clock
Monthly
Pipeline?
—

Assigned is not managed. Until the seller accepts, the demand belongs to its owner—and it is not pipeline.

06Exceptions and return paths

The happy path is never the whole process.

When
WhenThenOwnerReturns to
The seller rejectsReason recorded; the demand owner reassigns or closesDemand ownerAssignment
No response within the service levelEscalated to the seller’s manager, then reassignedDemand ownerAssignment
Two originators claim the same demandThe first recorded source keeps it; the other is linked, not duplicatedSales operationsQualification
The partner reports no outcomeFollowed up at set intervals; after the limit, closed as unknown—never as wonChannel managerCommercial fulfilment
The demand is actually a direct opportunityConverted to the direct motion, with its own ownerDemand ownerDirect motion: qualify

07Supporting capabilities and system encoding

Only now, the technology.

Systems and partiesCRMPartner portalMarketing automationData platform

Supporting capabilities

  • CRMDemand records, assignment rules and acceptance status
  • Partner portalWhere sellers accept, reject and report outcomes
  • Marketing automationCaptures campaign-sourced demand with its source
  • Data platformJoins reported outcomes and partner sales for attribution

How the system encodes the model

  1. Operating decision: Two responsibilities

    System response: A demand record separate from the seller’s opportunity, linked at acceptance

  2. Operating decision: An acceptance contract

    System response: Accept or reject with a reason in the partner portal, under a service level

  3. Operating decision: Assigned is not pipeline

    System response: Pipeline counts accepted demand only

  4. Operating decision: Attribution rules

    System response: Credit calculated from source and outcome

08Measurement

What is measured—and what it triggers.

Metric
MetricWhyOwnerCadenceTriggers
Acceptance rate and timeShows whether sellers trust the demandChannel managementWeeklyFix qualification or assignment rules
Rejection reasonsTells marketing what not to generateMarketingMonthlyAdjust campaigns and criteria
Accepted demand convertedThe outcome that justifies the effortSales operationsMonthlyRebalance investment by source
Outcomes reportedAttribution is only as good as partner reportingChannel managersMonthlyFollow up with partners who do not report

09The second layer

Questions that change the design.

Transfer

  1. When exactly does responsibility transfer?
  2. What happens when the seller neither accepts nor rejects?

Credit

  1. Who receives credit, and in what proportion?
  2. Is demand that ends in a sale elsewhere a success?

Information

  1. What must travel with the demand for the seller to act?
  2. What may the seller see about the originator’s contact?

10Decisions & outputs

What the work produces.

  1. 01Demand lifecycle
  2. 02Responsibility matrix
  3. 03Acceptance contract and service level
  4. 04Assignment rules
  5. 05Attribution rules
  6. 06Channel KPIs